CGI (Common Gateway Interface) programs or scripts run on a web server and let people whose pages are served by that server do some cool things, such as put a counter on a page to monitor how many hits it gets. See CGI Scripts on www.umich.edu to find out about the CGI options available on the U-M web servers (both the main server and the one that serves personal web pages for U-M students, faculty, and staff). Instructions for using those programs are also provided.
If your web page is served by a web server other than www.umich.edu, you will need to check with the server's administrator to find out what CGI programs are available on that machine.